Azotobacter is a
free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is used as a biofertilizer in the
cultivation of most crops. A specific strain of Azotobacter chroococcum has
been isolated from the rhizosphere of mulberry plant and tested by the
CSR&TI, Mysore under in vivo and in vitro conditions
and has found to be very effective. The laboratory has recommended application
of the Azotobacter biofertilizer at the rate of 20 kg per
hectare per year and this assures a substantial saving of nitrogen fertilizer
(about 50 % reduction in N requirement). This indirectly reduces the costs
involved in the silkworm rearing aspects as well as the soil health is improved
by increased microbial activity.
The process of mass multiplication of the
microbial culture and packing in polythene bags along with a carrier
(preferably lignite or coal) has been standardized. The process ensures a
minimum of 108viable cells of Azotobacter per gram
of carrier on dry weight basis within 15 days of preparation and 107 viable
cells before the expiry date (As per the BIS norms). The shelf life of the
biofertilizer is six months from date of manufacture. The Process requires
locally available plant, machinery and raw materials for manufacture. The mass
culture can be done by shake-flask or by using a fermentor depending on the
investment capability. The culture is then mixed with the carrier material
under hygienic conditions and packed immediately. The batch number and expiry
date are immediately affixed on each bag. Normally, packets are available in 250
g, 500 g, 1.0 kg and 5.0 kg denominations.
The CSR&TI has conducted field trials of
this biofertilizer in their Regional Stations as well as in the farmer's field.
It has given good results and is widely accepted by the Sericulture Farmers of
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala under irrigated condition.
List of Machinery: Gyratory Shaker/Industrial
Fermentor, S.S. Mixing Drum, Incubator Shaker, Autoclaves, Analytical Balances,
Deep Freezer, Polythene Bag Sealing Machine, Research Microscope, Miscellaneous
Laboratory Equipments, etc.
Features:
· Azotobacter
are tolerant to high salts.
· Azotobacter
is heaviest breathing organism and requires a large amount of organic carbon
for its growth.
· It
is poor competitor for nutrients in soil and hence its growth promoting
substances, fungistatic substances.
· It
can benefit crops by Nitrogen fixation, growth promoting substances, fungi
static substances.
· Azotobacter
is less effective in soils with poor organic matter content.
· It
improves seed germination and plant growth
· It
thrives even in alkaline soils.
Use as Fertilizer
It is recommended the
application of the Azotobacter biofertilizer at the rate of 20 kg per hectare
per year and this assures a substantial saving of nitrogen fertilizer (about 50
% reduction in N requirement). This indirectly reduces the costs involved in
the silkworm rearing aspects as well as the soil health is improved by
increased microbial activity.The process of mass multiplication of the
microbial culture and packing in polythene bags along with a carrier
(preferably lignite or coal) has been standardized.
The process ensures a
minimum of 108 viable cells of Azotobacter per gram of carrier on dry weight
basis within 15 days of preparation and 107 viable cells before the expiry date
(As per the BIS norms). The shelf life of the biofertilizer is six months from
date of manufacture. The Process requires locally available plant, machinery
and raw materials for manufacture. The mass culture can be done by shake-flask
or by using a fermentor depending on the investment capability. The culture is
then mixed with the carrier material under hygienic conditions and packed
immediately. The batch number and expiry date are immediately affixed on each
bag. Normally, packets are available in 250 g, 500 g, 1.0 kg and 5.0 kg deno
minations.
How to apply
bio-fertilizer ?
· Seed
inoculationOn the basis of efficiency of Azotobacter, other micro-organisms
present in the soil, benefits obtained from biofertilizer and expenditure it
has been fixed to use Azotobacter - bio-fertilizer at the rate of 250 g
biofertilizer for 10-15 kg. If one knows this proportion then take a definite
quantity of seed to be inoculated. The required quantity of fresh biofertilizer
is secured and a slurry is made by adding adequate, quantity of water. This
slurry is uniformly applied to seed, seed is then dried in shed and sown. Some
stickers are used in order to adher biofertilizer to seeds. Viz. Jaggery or gum
arebia.
· Seedling
inoculationThis method of inoculation is used where seedlings are used to grow
the crop. In this method, seedlings required for one acre are inoculated using
4-5 packets (2-2.5 kg). For this, in a bucket adequate quantity of water is
taken and biofertilizer from these packets is added to bucket and mixed
properly. Roots or seedlings are then dipped in this mixture so as to enable
roots to get inoculum. These seedlings are then transplanted e.g. Tomato, Rice,
Onion, Cole, Crops, flowers.
· Self
inoculation or tubez inoculation:In this method 50 litres of water is taken in
a drum and 4-5 kg of Azotobacter biofertilizer is added and mixed properly.
Sets are required for one acre of land are dipped in this mixture. Potato
tubers are dipped in the mixture of biofertilizer and planting is done.
Soil Application
This method is mostly used
for fruit crops, sugarcane, and trees. At the time of planting fruit tree 20 g
of biofertilizer mixed with compost is to be added per sappling, when trees
became matured the same quantity of biofertilizer is applied.
In sugarcane after two to
three months of planting i.e. before earthing up 5-6 kg of biofertilizer per
acre is applied by mixing with compost or soil. Although, Azotobacter fixes
nitrogen non-symbiotically, it also fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the
rhizospere region i.e. soil around the seedlings or trees. Biofertilizer
applied to seed or seedlings bacteria remain around seeds or seedlings and use
organic carbon for their metabolism. When seeds are germinated or seedlings set
in soil they leave or exude root exudates which become food of these bacteria.
They grow on these substances which include sugars, organic acids, amino acids
and fix atmospheric nitrogen most efficiently. Nitrogen so fixed by these bacteria
becomes available to plants after dead and degradation of bacterial cells.
Bio Fertilizer Storage
The storage periods for
biofertilizer must think in conditions, such temperature and humidity.
Azotobacter
Azotobacter Biofertilizer is nitrogen fixing bio inoculant
suitable for all crops. GreenMax AgroTech is capable to produce ten tonnes of
technical grade Azotobacter chrococcum per day. This product
is also available in combination with Azospirillum as combined
formulation.
Brand name: Gmax Nitromax
Product Details:
Technical:
Gmax Nitromax is combined product of Azotobacter and Azospirillum.Azospirillum works
well with all crops where as Azotobacter gives excellent results when soils
have rich organic matter content (more than 2%). As a combined product of
Azospirillum and Azotobacter, Gmax Nitromax combines the benefits of both
inoculants in a single formulation.
Formulation
The product is available as liquid formulation and lignite
carrier based formulation.
Composition:
·
Azospirillum &
Azotobacter 1% (w/w)
·
Sticking agent – CMC –
1%.
·
Inactive Ingredients
98.0% (w/w)
·
(Moisture 35%, lignite
63%)
Packing:
Carrier based formulation is available in
attractive one kg laminated poly pouches. The packing is moisture proof and
well tolerates transportation and handling. The product is also supplied in
bulk packing of 50kg/25 kg sizes in HDPE bags.
Liquid formulation is available
in one lr HDPE containers and in 200 lr barrels.
Description:
Azotobacter is a freel living
nitrogen fixing bacterium. Azotobacter lives in association with plant roots
and fixes atmospheric nitrogen in readily available form to plants. Predominant
species used as biofertilizers are Azotobacter chroococcum and Aztobacter
vinelandii. The important note is, Azotobacter is high respiring organism
and hence works well in the soils having sufficient organic matter.
Method of application:
The mixture of Azotobacter, Azospirillum (Gmax
Nitromax) and phosphate solublizing bacteria (Gmax Phosphomax) can be used for
non-leguminous crops-like cereals, oilseeds cotton, vegetable and all other
crops which are usually planted as seeds.
Seed treatment:
For one kg of seeds about 40 grams of Gmax Nitromax product is
required. Mix required quantity of Gmax Nitromax with equal quantity of Rice
gruel. With this mixture, mix the required amount of seeds shade dry and after
24 hours, use the seeds of sowing.
Seedling Root dip:
Mix 2 Kg of Gmax Nitromax with 50 lits of water. In this
mixture, keep the seedling roots in immersed condition for 10 minutes and use
the seedlings for transplantation in the field.
Soil application:
Mix about 5 kgs Gmax Nitromax with 100 kgs of organic manure,
keep the mixture under shade for one week and apply to the soil.
Drip irrigation:
Dilute five kgs of Nitromax in 100 litrs of chemicals free, good
quality water. Filter the mixture with a pure cloth; use the filtered solution
in drip irrigation for one acre.
Drip irrigation Mix about one lr of Gmax
Nitromax liquid formulation in 100 litrs of chemicals free, good quality water.
Filter the mixture with a pure cloth; use the filtered solution in drip
irrigation for one acre.
Recommended crops:
Gmax Nitromax is recommended for all crops except
all kinds of legumes. Gmax Nitromax can be used along with Gmax Phosphomax,
Gmax Tricon and Gmax Fyton to provide nitrogen, phosphatic nutrition and to
provide plant protection from diseases along with plant growth promotion.
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